Annuity Formula

The PV, FV, NPER, RATE, and PMT functions in Excel can be used for both an ordinary annuity (payments made at the end of the period, type=0) and annuity due (payments made at the beginning of the period, type=1).

NPV Formula

To calculate Net Present Value using the NPV formula in Excel, you need a series of periodic cash flows like that shown in the figure below.

IRR Formula

To calculate Internal Rate of Return using the IRR formula in Excel, you need a series of periodic cash flows like that shown in the figure below.